DCF-CRYSTAL

Editor Neville Mars, Layout Lu Jia , with Crystal Urban Creations
Yue Hongdan, Dave Harlander, Jason Anderson

Crystal Collage

类型与原型

Stereotype to Prototype

设计产业高度分化、各自为政。尽管规划者、 研究员和设计师之间的工作有深刻而紧密的内在联系，他们却少有互动。中国的规划文化――批评其为公然的实用主义也未尝不可――挫败甚至破坏了塑造我们环境的学科间平衡，城市规划者的角色被积压。大片土地被大学和设计单位随意以街区分割，以基本的城市型态填充。同时，建筑的规模也在膨胀，令城市规划师的角色更为边缘，仅仅布局城市动脉的联系。规划师的根本任务――提供适应发展需求的弹性框架及设计楼宇间空间（这一公共领域曾被我们定义为城市本身）――却在巨型工业用地和微观规划小区所限构的版图中被侵吞殆尽。大型建筑受困于方寸之间，其作为城市肌理的潜能被扼杀。而自上而下的设计则忽略了人的维度。这一规划最终否决了官僚阶层外其他对于城市未来的责任。

为真正实现整合式布局，决策者必须学会接纳尚显抽象的规划，并寄望建筑能令城市景观繁复多姿。取悦开发商的焦虑应让路于积极迎接挑战与创造的雄心壮志。决策者应少一点对陈腐形象的在意，而多一点对当下城市生与息的关心。

正是这样一种理想催生了这一系列设计方案，吊诡的是，这些方案却来自于世界顶级影像制作公司，水晶石数字科技有限公司。作为建筑效果图方面的专家，水晶石通过将业务扩展至概念建筑、从生产转向创新，勇敢地填充了这一块空白。这种拼贴正是我们为中国城市所设计的“积极的城市原型”在第一阶段的表现。

The design industries are highly fragmented. Planners, researchers and designers have little to no interaction with each other, yet their work is profoundly and mutually related. Chinese planning culture - we can blame blatant pragmatism - has discouraged, even disrupted the traditional balance between the disciplines that shape our environment. The urban designer is squeezed out in the process. At the regional scale large swaths of land are simply gridded by universities and design institutes, to be filled in with generic urban typologies. Simultaneously the architectural scale has exploded, marginalizing the role of the urban designer to plotting out connecting arteries. The essential tasks of the planner, providing an adaptable framework for growth and designing the space in between the buildings (the public realm we once understood as the actual city), are swallowed up within the confined layout of mega-industrial fields and micro-planned compounds. Big buildings are simply locked into place; their potential as integral components of the urban fabric is lost. Designing from a birds-eye view fails to consider the human perspective. Ultimately this planning practice denies anyone other than bureaucrats the responsibility for the final outcome of the city.

To achieve truly integrated schemes policy makers will have to learn to embrace plans that remain abstract, yet anticipate the role architecture should play to give intricacy to the cityscape. The anxiety to please developers should make way for the ambition to challenge and inspire. Policy-makers should concern themselves less with a stale image, more with the workings of a living city.

It is this ambition that has resulted in a series of design proposals, ironically from the worlds leading image maker; Crystal CG. As an expert of architectural renderings it has taken the bold step to address this void by expanding its business into conceptual architecture, moving from production towards innovations in the process. This collage presents the first phase of our ‘pro-active urban prototypes’ for the Chinese city.

剧院绽开
Theater unwrapped

通常剧场的延展部分环绕在其技术核心――听众席――周围，而掩盖了自己的特征。本设计返璞归真，展示其基本结构以令功能本身自言自明。三座地下剧场与空中桥梁连接，使每个建筑物在空间与功能上各自为政，并解放地面为公共空间。
Typically, the malleable program of a theater is wrapped around the technical core of its auditorium hiding the characteristic features. Stripped down to its fundamental structure this design aims to let the machinery speak for itself. This is possible by connecting the three theaters underground, and with bridges in the air, leaving each building independent and efficient, while liberating the ground surface as public space.

绿舰
The Green Carrier

除了最大程度被动地吸收太阳能以外，以太阳能为主导的设计理念也值得考虑。这一设计将一个庞大建筑置于公共领域上，从而解决了巨大阴影的问题。其如锥如舰的造型令阴影面积达到最小。
Typically, the malleable program of a theater is wrapped around the technical core of its auditorium hiding the characteristic features. Stripped down to its fundamental structure this design aims to let the machinery speak for itself. This is possible by connecting the three theaters underground, and with bridges in the air, leaving each building independent and efficient, while liberating the ground surface as public space.

旋转立面购物中心
Rotating facade shopping mall

混搭，噼哩啪啦。建你自己的建筑卫星学院
MIX, MATCH, FLIP FLOP. BUILD YOUR ARCHITECTURAL SATELLITE INSTITUTE

森林停车场
Parking Lot Forest
太阳树（树形太阳能装置）占领了中国城市中心的混凝土海洋。仿佛钢铁树冠一般，它们为你的车辆带来荫凉，挡风遮雨又减弱城市的热岛效应。噢，如果要接入树干为你的混合动力车充电，千万不要客气。
Solar trees take over the concrete seas of China’s urban centers. Like a steel canopy, these trees provide shade for your car, shelter from the rain, and reduce the urban heat island effect. Oh, feel free to plug your hybrid vehicle in its trunk to recharge the battery.

可持发的七巧板
Puzzle Piece Sustainability
何不更新换代让你的绿色社区赶上迭升的保密级别，在公共绿地上稳健地建起盘根错节的住房与服务网络。
Why not stack your green community into levels of increased privacy and achieve a meandering network of housing and services, tightly nestled in a green parkland?

天津滨海新区的绿色CBD
TIANJIN GREEN CBD
不打破成规，就没有中国的可持续发展！
To be sustainable in China means breaking the rules!

塘沽规划展览馆
Tanggu Exhibition hall
博物馆柯布西耶式的曲线将许多理性的设计理念隐藏。站在飘浮的甲板上，参观者们俯瞰整个CBD，映入眼帘的是浮在城市上空规划的虚拟现实，和倾斜玻璃中的倒影。
The Le Corbusian curves of this museum conceal a number of rational design concepts. From a floating deck visitors look down over the CBD, and virtually see the new planned developments floating over the city, reflected in its tilted glass facade.

电视塔
TV TOWER
最初，在尚无任何前期条件之时，建造地标式电视塔就是一桩梦幻任务。一项针对全球现有电视塔的基本调查显示：它们的外观相似完全出于正当理由。它们唯一的目标就是以更少的结构性付出（比如，成本）盖到更高。这注定它们都是内部中空，并大多在塔身3/5高度的位置设有向外延伸的观景台和餐厅。下面三个议案一方面延续了固有结构逻辑，同时试图打破陈规。
Initially the request to make a landmark TV tower, without any preconditions, seemed a dream assignment. A basic survey of the word’s existing TV masts revealed another reality. They all look identical - and for good reason. Their sole objective is to achieve height with minimum structural effort (i.e. cost). This reduces them to a basic hollow core with a protrusion as a viewing deck and restaurant at roughly at 3/5 of the height. These three proposals effectively break with this tradition while maintaining the inherent structural logic.

有问题，打个结！
Knot a problem!

葱翠塔
Lush Tower
标志建筑处处风靡，但怎样的建筑才是可持续发展区域的标志？这座空心巨无霸高60层，外部立面上布满了植被，是当今世界上最大的垂直公园。高塔本身就是一面美丽的生态墙，排除大气毒素、净化我们的空气。
Icon building is all the rage, but what is the icon of a sustainable district? This 60 story hollow giant has vegetation lining its façade, creating the world’s largest vertical park. The tower becomes a beautiful biowall, purifying the air of atmospheric toxins.

世博生态图
Expo Living Diagram
目标是让本建筑的整体造型成为上海世博会的图解典范：神形兼备地展示全球增长规模最大、速度最快的城市。图解建筑体上的每座山头代表一座超大城市。宽度对应城市的大小，高度则代表城市的发展速度。山体内部是投影放映厅。
The shape of this building is aimed to be the Shanghai Expo’s quintessential diagram: the state of the world’s largest and fastest growth cities. Each hill of the diagram building represents a mega-city. While the width of the hill reveals the size, the height of each hill represents the speed with which the city grows. Inside the mountain are projection halls.

上海火车馆
Shanghai Train Pavilion
铁轨与车站不再只是功能性基础设施，它们代表了中式大都会的两大目标：向网络城市的转型，和居民以公共交通为核心的现代生活方式。本建筑试图展示复杂三维交通节点的缩影。
Tracks and stations are no longer just functional infrastructure, they represent two quintessential goals of the Chinese metropolis: a shift towards the network city, and an urban society where public transport is at the heart of its residents modern lifestyle. This building reproduces a section of such a complex three dimensional transportation node.

天津博物办公塔
TIANJIN MUSEUM TOWER
中国公共建筑之大不幸在于其根本不为公众服务。博物馆与政府大楼两者功能互融，令我们可以穿越传统桎梏，既允许展览向上延伸至高塔的中心，也允许办公室向下渗透到博物馆中。如整体式可持续发展工程般的设计，塔身就像博物馆的天然通风烟囱。两座建筑的地下部分互相连接，利用博物馆的空旷部分将新鲜空气送达顶端。
Chinese public buildings have the unfortunate quality of being particularly non-public. The combined commission of a museum and government building allowed us to blur the traditional borders, allowing the exhibition to crawl up into the tower atrium and the offices seep down into the museum. Designed as an integrated sustainable project, the tower functions as a naturally ventilating chimney for the museum. Underground the two buildings are connected, drawing fresh air through the voids of the museum to the top.

子弹大厦
BULLET BUILDING
上海世博会铁道馆的设计大胆展现了中国轨道交通闪电般的实现速度。数天前还需几天才能到达的地方，如今只需几个小时就能抵达，火车大大压缩了全国数百万人的时空体验。
This design for the Shanghai Rail Pavilion boldly represents the lightning speed at which rail transportation has been realized in China. Connecting places in hours, that until recently took days to reach, the train has dramatically shrunk to time-space experience for millions of people across the nation.

分散的与散射的
SCATTERED AND REFRACTED
渐渐地，写字楼内的黑暗区域越来越多。这里将所有的暗室集中在大厦内部，通过缝隙将光线汇聚到大厦深处，从而避免将大厦建成又一座黑暗高塔。
Increasingly office towers contain more and more dark program. Rather than making another gloomy silo, this tower concentrates the dark office space inside the building, while drawing in light deep into the building through crevasses.

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Chinese Urbanization Matrix

Oddly enough in urban planning the same models are often both descriptive and prescriptive. The limitations this professional idiosyncrasy reveals is particularly pertinent when applied to Chinese urbanization. Slick City models are the final formula for hassle-free development. With hardly any virgin land left to urbanize they lay bare the contradictions of what the market wants; growing side ways, when what is needed is growing inwards and upwards.

This matrix organizes China's common and ideal growth models set against the distance of urbanization from the center.

Slick Cities

Planners and policy-makers alike dream of a clean slate when building a new city. Across the river or train track on an empty lot, the town is reinvented from scratch. Self-contained designs are implemented that ignore all previous incarnations. The new center rapidly turns its back on the old core. A split city is born. Other models of rebirth include the Finger or Ring City (old is encircled by new), the Culled City (new is carved out from old), Sprawl City (new scatters while fleeing from old) and the Satellite City (new and old engage in a precarious game of tug of war).

In the past 30 years, hundreds of new towns have mushroomed across the nation as mining-towns, tourist towns, suburban enclaves, factory villages, concept towns and military settlements. They appear to follow different models, but are equally fortified against their muddled surroundings. Without reference to the preexisting, the new urban projects look and feel particularly smooth, but there is a price to pay for this slickness. Slick cities are by nature static. Their walled off spaces are unyielding to change and reflective to criticism. Yet we are forced to acknowledge their drawbacks. Implemented with minimum connections to the original infrastructure the public domain is reduced to the voids in between the buildings. The storefront, the interface of the city, is blinded. This phenomena reveals China's Slick Cities' inherent problem; they generate schizophrenic urbanization.

中国城市化矩阵

很奇怪，城市规划的同一模型往往既反映现实又决定未来。这一特性的局限制在中国的城市化过程中尤其明显。华而不实的城市是无烦恼开发的终极模式。在城市化没有任何处女地可供侵占时，该模式促成的是与市场需求正相反的向侧面生长，我们需要的却是向内和向上的生长。

这一矩阵结合了中国常规和理想的生长模式，将城市化进程从中心地带剥离出去。

华而不实的城市

规划师和决策者在建新城时往往都希望在白纸上“画最新最美的图画”。就在河道或铁道对面的空白地带，城市拔地而生。以自我为中心的设计忽略了此前城市的身世。新的中心迅速背叛老的中心。一座分裂的城市于是诞生。其它城市再生的模式包括指状或环状城市（老城被新城包围），择伐城（新城在部分砍伐老城后崛起），蔓生城（在逃离老城后，新城组织散布周围）以及卫星城（新城和旧城在玩一场危险的拔河游戏）。

在过去的三十年中，数百座新城在全国范围内如蘑菇般繁殖：采掘城，旅游城，郊区围城，工业城，概念城以及军事驻地等。它们似乎遵循了不同的发展模式，且都将城外的混乱阻挡在外。如果不和此前的存在作比较，新的城市看上去和感觉起来都十分光滑，然而光滑是有代价的。华而不实的城市是静态的，围墙内的空间无法应对变化或着批评。 我们不得不承认它们的局限：它们与基础设施的连接极少，公共空间只剩下楼间空地，好比城市颜面的临街店面被屏蔽。这些都是中国华而不实的城市无法避免的问题；由此产生的是罹患精神分裂症的城市化。

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SPRAWL POLICY TIMELINE

1950s:

1952 农村剩余劳动力应稳定在农村生产上，不要盲目流入城市。
-------The surplus rural labor should be controlled steadily on rural production activities instead of flowing aimlessly into the city.

1953 未经劳动部门许可和介绍，不得在农村招收工人。禁止农民进城就业。
-------Recruiting workers from rural areas is not allowed without a recommendation and permission from labor departments.Peasants mustn’t get jobs in the cities.

1953 城镇人口凭城镇户口按人定量供应，农民吃粮自行解决。对粮食转移证、粮票等管理使用办法。统购统销体制。
--------//Urban registered residence were rationing supplied with foodstuff,farmers have to settle food problem by themselves.

1954 限制农业剩余劳动力向城市转移。
--------Restrictions on agricultural surplus labor transfer to the cities.

1955 一切部门的劳动调配必须纳入计划，增加人员必须通过劳动部门统一调配，不准随便招收人员，更不准从乡村中招收人员。
--------The labor of all governmental departments must be included in the labor employment plan. Increased labors must obey the commands from the Labor Department. Recruiting employee without permission, especially from rural areas is not allowed.

1955 “农业人口”和“非农业人口”作为人口统计指标确定。
-------‘Agricultural population’ and ‘non-agricultural population’ is decided as the demographic statistical index.

1956 对农民进行思想教育，预防外流。城市“各单位一律不得私自从农村中招工和私自录用盲目流入城市 的农民”。“招用临时工必须尽量在当地城市中招用，不足的时候，才可以从农村中招用”。
-------Ideological Education must be administrated to the peasants to prevent emigration. All governmental departments are prohibited to recruit workers privately from rural areas or privately hiring people flow into the city's farmers without planned.

1957（1）组建以民政部门牵头，公安、铁路、交通、商业、粮食、监察等部门参加的专门机构，全面负 责制止“盲流”工作；（2）农村干部应加强对群众的思想教育,防止外流；（3）铁路、交通部门在主要铁路沿线和交通要道，要严格查验车票，防止农民流入城 市；（4）民政部门应将流入城市和工矿区的农村人口遣返原籍，并严禁他们乞讨；（5）公安部机关应严格户口管理，不得让流入城市的农民取得城市户口； （6）粮食部门不得供应没有城市户口的人员粮食；（7）城市一切用人单位一律不得擅自招收工人和临时工。
-------All civil affairs departments, including Public Security, Railway, Transportation, Commerce, Food Supply, and other departments should participate in the team of prohibit the aimless-flowing people. The Food Supply Department can’t supply food to non-urban registered people.

1958 颁布新中国第一部户籍制度《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》，确立了一套较完善的户口管理制度，它包括常住、暂住、出生、死亡、迁出、迁入、变更等7项人口登记制度。
-------Enaction of the first Residence Registration Code of P.R.C.to establish the first complete registration administration system.

1958 “公民由农村迁往城市，必须持有劳动部门的录用证明，学校的录取证明，或者城市户口登记机关的准予迁入的证明，向常住地户口登记机关申请办理迁出手续”。禁止农民进城又以户籍管理的法 律形式予以确定。
--------People from rural areas can move to urban areas only with hiring certification from the Labor Department or the school admission or the permission certification from Urban Residence Registration Office.

1958 中央政府下放招工权限。
--------Central government released the authority of Rural Recruitment.

1959 《关于制止农村劳动力流动的通知》《关于制止农村劳动力盲目外流的紧急通知》。
--------‘Notice to stop the flow of rural labor’, ‘ Emergent Annoucement of Prohibition of the blindly outflow rural labor’.

1960s:

1961 8字方针：“调整、巩固、充实、提高”，压缩工厂和各种社会事业部门的职工数量，减少城镇人口，成为落实8字 方针的重要措施。
-------Eight-Character Guideline:‘Adjustment, consolidation, enriching and improvement’, by means of compressing the number of the factory workers and various social sector staff and reducing the urban population,etc.

1962 中共中央就压缩农村吃商品粮人口的问题批示各地，要求对农村不合理的吃商品粮的人口进行压缩。
--------Compress rural population who unreasonablely eat commercial grains.

1962 农村非农就业人数不得超过农村劳动力就业总量的5%
--------The number of non-agricultural labor in rural areas should not exceed 5% of total rural labor.

1962 “对农村迁往城市的，必须严格控制；城市迁往农村的，应一律准予落户，不要控制。”
--------Moving from rural areas to cities must be strictly controlled while the reverse must be allowed and implemented by the governmental departments.

1963 公安部依据是否吃国家计划供应的商品粮，将户口分为“农业户口”和“非农业户口”。
--------The Ministry of Public Security should divide the population into Agriculture Registered Permanent Residence and Non-agriculture Registered Permanent Residence based on whether they have the food supply from National Plan or not.

1964 对从农村迁往城市、集镇的要严加限制；对从集镇迁往城市的要严加限制。
--------Moving from rural to urban areas or market towns or moving from the town to the cities must be strictly restricted.

1970s：

1975 取消关于公民迁移自由的条文。
-------Cancel the regulations of citizens’free movement

1977严格禁止从农村到城市、从小市迁往大市的户籍迁徙
-------Strictly control residents from moving from rural areas to urban areas, or from the small cities to the big cities.

1980s：

1980 控制大城市规模、合理发展中等城市、积极发展小城镇。
-------Control the scale of large cities; rationally develop medium-size cities and actively develop small cities and towns.

1980 对农业剩余劳动力,要采取发展社队企业和城乡联办企业等办法加以吸收,并逐步建设小城镇。要控制农人口盲目流入大中城市, 控制吃商品粮人口的增加。要压缩、清退来自农村的计划外用工。确需从农村中招工的,要从严控制,须经省(市、自治区)人民政府批准。
-------Absorb the surplus rural labors by village industry or urban-rurual cooperated enterprises and develop the small cities and towns step by step.

1981 对农村多余劳动力通过发展多种经营和兴办社队企业,就地适当安置,不使其涌入城镇。对于农村人口、劳动力迁进城镇,应当按照政策从严掌握。农村人口迁入城镇的要严格履行审批手续,公安、粮食、劳动等部门要分工合作把好关,不要政出多门。要严格控制使用农村劳动力,继续清退来自农村的计划外用工。
-------Settle down the rural surplus labor in the local area by multiple operating enterprises or village enterprises, prevent them from flowing into towns or cities.Strictly control the rural residence from moving to the cities.

1981 严格控制从农村招工;认真清理企业、事业单位使用的农村劳动力;加强户口和粮食管理。
--------Strictly control recruiting workers from the rural areas, clear the rural employees in the urban companies and enterprises, intensify the residence registration and food supply administration.

1984 允许农民自理口粮进城镇落户。
--------Permit the peasant to settle down in the cities by their own food supply.

1984 农民进入集镇务工、经商、办服务业,对促进集镇的发展,繁荣城乡经济具有重要作用。允许务工、经商、办服务业的农民自理口粮到集镇落户。
--------Permit the peasant with self-supplied food who get a job or run a business or start a business in the service industry in the town to settle down in the towns.

1984 凡申请到集镇务工、经商、办服务业的农民和家属,在集镇有固定住所,有经营能力,或在乡镇企事业单位长期务工的, 公安部门应准予落常住户口, 及时办理入户手续,发给《自理口粮户口簿》,统计为非农业人口。粮食部门要做好加价粮油的供应工作,可发给《加价粮油供应证》。地方政府要为他们建房、买房、租房提供方便。为了使在信贷务工、经商、办服务业的农民保持稳定, 乡镇人民政府和村民委员会对其留居农村的家属不得歧视;对到集镇落户的,要事先办好承包土地的转让手续,不得撂荒;一旦因故返乡的应准予迁回落户,不得拒绝。
--------The Public Security Department should give permissions to all those who apply to work, run a business or start a business in the service industry in the city, who has permanent houses and the ability to run their business or those who is employed in the governmental enterprises for a long term and their families to settle down in the market towns and give them the residence registration identity certificate timeless as well as Food and Oil supply Certification with elevated price.

1985 要扩大城乡经济交往, ⋯⋯允许农民进城开店设坊,兴办服务业,提供各种劳务,城市要在用地和服务设施方面提供便利条件。
--------Enlarge the urban-rural communications and allow the peasants to enter the cities to start a business or offer labor service. The city government should provide necessary land and service facilities for them.

1986 企业招用工人,应当公布招工简章,符合报考条件的城镇行业人员和国家允许从农村招用的人员,均可报考。
-------All the companies should publish their employment plan and recruit those qualified no matter thy are from urban areas or legal rural areas.

1988 将大力组织劳务输出,作为贫困地区劳动力资源开发的重点。按照“东西联合,城乡结合,定点挂钩,长期协作”的原则,组织劳动力跨地区流动。沿海经济发达地区、大中城市的劳动部门要有计划地从贫困地区吸收劳动力,要动员和组织国营企业招用一部分贫困地区的劳动力;鼓励和支持大中型企业与贫困地区建立挂钩联系,共同创办劳务基地,发展长期劳务合作。要发挥国营、集体劳务组织的作用,重视发挥已有民间劳务组织、能人的作用,通过经济手段,利用联营、代理等多种形式, 开拓劳务市场, 为搞活劳动力流动创造条件。
-------Organize the rural labor export with strong effort as an emphasis of developing the labor resource of the poor regions.

1989 各地人民政府采取有效措施,严格控制当地民工外出。
-------Efficient measurements should be taken by all ranks of government officials to control strictly the local peasant workers from going out.

1989 各地人民政府采取有效措施,严格控制当地民工盲目外流。
--------Efficient measurements should be taken by all ranks of government officials to control strictly the local peasant workers from flowing out aimlessly.

1990s：

1990 严格控制大城市规模、合理发展中等城市和小城市。
--------Strictly control the scale of big cities, rationally develop the middle-size and small-size cities.

1990 对农村富余劳动力, 要引导他们“离土不离乡”, 因地制宜地发展林牧副三,沿着正确方向办好乡镇企业,开展多种服务业, 搞好农村建设, 使农村富余劳动力就地消化和转移,防止出现大量农村劳动力盲目进城找活干的局面。对农村劳动力进城务工,要运用法律、行政、经济的手段和搞好宣传教育,实行有效控制,严格管理。确定一个时期内城市使用农村劳动力的规划, 由劳动部门本着从严的精神负责统一审批, 并建立临时务工许可证和就业登记制度, 加强对单位用工的监督检查。对现有计划外用工,要按照国家政策做好清退工作,重点清退来自农村的计划外用工,使他们尽早返回农村劳动。要严格控制“农转非”过快增长,把“农转非”纳入国民经济与社会发展规划, 实行计划指标管理, 认真执照国家有关政策规定审批。对自行规定政策或放宽条件、扩大“农转非”范围的,要抓紧进行清理整顿。
-------Guide the surplus rural labor to ‘leave the land but not the village’, strictly control the overgrowth of ‘rural residence registration to urban registration’.

1991 各级人民政府要从严或暂停办理民工外出务工手续。回乡过节民工,如没有签定续聘合同,要劝阻他们不要再盲目进粤寻找工作。返回工作岗位履约的民工,不要盲目带人到广东。对大量南下在途的民工, 有关地区各级人民政府要组织力量, 切实采取措施,就地进行劝阻,并及时通报广东省人民政府。

1991 灾民流出区和灾民流入区, 要综合运用行政、经济和法律手段,做好防止阻劝返外流灾民工灾民外流和劝作, 把灾民外流给社会带来的影响减少到最低限度。对灾区外流灾民,当地一律不得发给救灾款物;对乱开证明、纵容外流的, 所属上级部门应追究其责任。要把长期盲流同外流灾民区别开来,对前者,应坚决收容遣送;对后者, 应讲究方式方法, 以免激化矛盾。
-------All ranks of people’s government should stop offering legal formalities for emigrate rural labors.Prohibit offering the emigrating peasants disaster-relief funds.

1992 广东省首次将农村人口向小城镇迁移的调控权下放给县（市）政府。

1992 国务院成立户籍制度改革文件起草小组

1993年9月30日国务院召开会议研究户籍制度改革问题，小城镇户籍制度改革由此起步

1993 建立针对农村劳动力流动就业的用工管理、监察、权益保障、管理服务基本制度,发展各种服务组织,完善信息网络和监测手段, 强化区域协作和部门配合。
-------Build up basic systems of rural flowing labor employment, supervision, rights and benefits protection, management and service. Develop various service organizations, modify the information network and supervision means to enhance regional and inter-sectional cooperations.

1993 鼓励和引导农村剩余劳动力逐步向非农产业转移和地区间有序流动。
--------Encourage and direct the surplus rural labors to move orderly towards non-agricultural industries and among regions

1993 建立农村就业服务网络, 合理调节城乡劳动力流动, 逐步实现城乡劳动力流动的有序化。要在“九五”时期基本取消统包统配, 进一步放开城乡界限, 取消职工身份界限,扩大公平竞争范围,争取在20 世纪末基本形成现代劳动力市场体系。
-------Build up rural employment service network, properly adjust the rural-urban labor flow, gradually actualize the urban-rural labor exchange.

1994 上海市规定在上海投资人民币100万元（或美元20万元）及以上、或购买一定面积的商品房、或在上海有固定住所及合 法稳定工作者均可申请上海市蓝印户口，持蓝印户口一定期限后可转为常住户口。
--------Those who invest more than USD 200,000 or purchase certain scaled commercial residential buildings, or own settled residence and legal job can apply for Shanghai blue-print residence registration.

1994 着手华南(广东) 、华东(上海) 和华北(北京) 3 大区域劳动力市场信息中心建设,推进省际劳务协作,大力发展乡镇劳动服务网络,健全流动服务制度。
---------Commence with the 3 region(South China, East China and North China) labor market information center construction, propel inter-provincial labor cooperation,develop county labor service network, modify the labor flow service system.

1994 首次规范流动就业证卡管理制度:被用人单位跨省招收的农村劳动者,外出之前, 须持身份证和其他必要的证明, 在本人户口所在地的劳动就业服务机构进行登记并领取外出人员就业登记卡; 到达用人单位后, 须凭出省登记卡领取当地劳动部门颁发的外来人员
-------Interprovincial labors should get registered and take the emigration employment card at his local labor service center before going out to other provinces for work.

1995 年, 在重点地区(广东、福建、山东、浙江、江苏、北京、天津、上海、四川、安徽、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州、江西、河南、河北、甘肃) 形成有效的管理制度、服务手段和调控方法, 使农村劳动力有组织地输出、输入(跨地区流动持证率) 达到60% 。
-------Build up the efficient management system,service means and coordination methods in certain areas(Guangdong, Fujian, Beijing,Shanghai, etc.18, area in all)to realize the 60% interprovincial labor flow.

1995 实行统一的流动人口就业证和暂住证制度;
--------Implement the uniform employment registration and temporary residing system for flowing labors.

1996 深圳市开始实行“蓝印户口”政策。
-------Shenzhen commence with blue-print residence registration policy.

1997 开始小城镇户籍制度改革试点
-------Experiment with residence registration reform in certain small cities.

1997 从农村到小城镇务工或者兴办第二、三产业的 人员，小城镇的机关、团体、企业和事业单位聘用的管理人员、专业技术人员，在小城镇购买商品房或者有合法自建房的居民，以及与其共同居住的直系亲属，可以 办理城镇常住户口。
-------Permanent urban resident registration open to those who migrate from rural areas to urban areas with labor service or starting a business in the second and third industry, or with employment as management staff or technical staff in governmental offices,organizations,enterprises or companies, or who purchased commercial residential houses , or who has direct relative in the town or city.

1997 应当适时进行户籍管理制度改革, 允许已经在小城镇就业、居住并符合一定条件的农村人口在小城镇办理城镇常住户口,以促进农村剩余劳动力就近、有序地向小城镇转移。经批准在小城镇落户的人员, 与当地原有居民享有同等待遇。当地人民政府及有关部门、单位应当同对待当地原有居民一样, 对他们的入学、就业、粮油洪应、社会保障等一视同仁。对在小城镇落户的人员, 各地方、各部门均不得收取城镇增容费或者类似增容费的费用。
-------Permit rural people to get permanent resident registration in towns or small size cities if they are qualified with certain conditions like employment and residing in order to stimulate the transition of the surplus rural labor to urban labor to their nearby cities.

1998年 “四项改革”：
　　1、实行婴儿落户随父随母自愿的政策。 对以往出生并要求在城市随父落户的未成年人，可以逐步解决其在城市落户的问题，学龄前儿童应当优先予以解决；
　　2、放宽解决夫妻分居问题的户口政策。对已在投靠的配偶所在城市居住一定年限的公民，应当根据自愿的原则准予在该城市落户；
　　3、男性超过60周岁、女性超过55周岁，身边无子女需到城市投靠子女的公民，可以在其子女所在城市落户；
4、在城市投资、兴办实业、购买商品房的公民及随其共同居住的直系亲属，凡在城市有合法固定的住所、合法稳定的职业或者生活来源，已居住一定年限并符合当地政府有关规定的，可准予在该城市落户。
-------All those who have gained legal residential houses, legal job and legal living resource and have been stayed in the city for more than one year should be permitted with urban resident registration.

1998 广州推出 “蓝印户口”，准许可以随父或随母入户，并逐 步放宽解决夫妻分居的户口条件、父母投靠子女和在城市投资、兴办实业等人员的户口政策。
-------Guangzhou commences with blue-print residential registration.

1998解决新生婴儿随父随母落户、夫妻分居、父母投靠子女等问题。
-------Solve the residential registration problem of the newly-born babies,separated couples, old people living with their matured children.

1998 各级党委、政府和有关部门必须把国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障和再就业工作列入重要议事日程, 实行党政“一把手”负责制, 并纳入政绩考核的重要内容。要继续鼓励和引导农村剩余劳动力就地就近转移, 合理调控进城务工的规模。
-------Continue encouraging and guiding the transition of the rural surplus labor to their nearby cities, properly control the rural labor flow into the cities.

1998 就地安置为主,在此前提下,引导有序流动;开展有计划、有组织的劳务输出: 制定劳务输出计划; 劝阻劝返,加强市场管理;优先招收区劳动力;动态预测和通报。
--------Make labor export plans, persuade certain labors into returning to rural areas, preferentially recruit local labors,dynamic predict and announce the information of the labor market .

1998 适应城镇和发达地区的客观需要,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动。
-------Guide the rural labor to flow rationally according to the rural and developped area’s development.

21世纪：

2000 关于促进小城镇发展的若干意见

2000 建立流动就业信息预测预报制度; 促进劳务输出产业化; 发展和促进跨地区的劳务协作;开展流动就业专项监察,保障流动就业者合法权益。
-------Build up the employment information predicting system, propel the industrialization of labor exporting, develop inter-regional labor market cooperations.

2000 改革城乡分割体制,取消对农民进城就业的不合理限制。
-------Initiate the urban and rural separation institution, cancel the improper restrictions to the peasants from getting jobs in the cities.

2000 凡在县级市市区、县人民政府驻地镇及县以下小城镇有合法固定住所、稳定职业或生活来源的农民,均可根据本人意愿转为城镇户口,并在子女入学、参军、就业等方面享受与城镇居民同等待遇,不得实行歧视性政策。对在小城镇落户的农民,各地区、各部门不得收取城镇增容费或其他类似费用。要积极探索适合小城镇特点的社会保障制度。
-------Test actively the proper social security system for the towns and small cities.

2001年3月30日国务院批转公安部《关于推进小城镇户籍管理制度改革的意见》，小城镇户籍制度改革全面推进
2001 对办理小城镇常住户口的人员，不再实行计划指标管理。
-------Cancle the index control of small-size city urban resident registration.

2001要打破城乡分割体制,逐步建立市场经济体制下的新型城乡关系,改革城镇户籍制度, 形成城乡人口有序流动的机制, 取消对农村劳动力进入城镇就业的不合理限制,引导农村富余劳动力在城乡、地区间有序流动。破除地区封锁,反对地方保护主义,废除阻碍统一市场形成的各种规定。坚持城乡统筹的改革方向,推动城乡劳动力市场逐步一体化。
------Cancel the improper striction to the rural labor employment in the cities and towns,guide the surplus rural labor to rationally move between urban areas and rural areas.

2001 在县级市市区、县人民政府驻地镇及其建制镇,只要有“合法固定的住所、稳定的职业或生活来源的人员及与其共同居住生活的直系亲属, 均可根据本人意愿办理城镇常住户口。”“对经批准在小城镇落户的人中, ⋯⋯根据本人意愿,可保留其承包土地的经营权,也允许依法有偿转让。”要切实保障在小城镇落户人员“ 在入学、参军、就业等方面与当地原有城镇居民享有同等权利,履行同等义务, 不得对其实行歧视性政策。”“不得借户籍管理制度改革之机收取城镇增容费或其他类似费用。”
-------Prohibit charging for enlarging city scale fees or any other similar fees on the pretext of resident registration reform.

2001 统筹兼顾, 促进城乡协调发展。推进城镇化, 不能削弱农业的基础地位,不能违背农民意愿。既要促进人口向城镇有序转移,又要防止人口过度聚集的“城市病”⋯⋯要形成人口和生产要素在城乡间有序流动的机制, 实现城乡经济社会共同进步。打破垄断和地区保护, 除个别特大城市外, 要改革城乡分割的就业制度,取消各地区针对农民和外地人口制定的限制性就业政策。积极开展面向城镇迁入人口的各类社会服务。要高度重视为迁入人口提供创业、就业、生活等方面的条件。中心城市要建立劳动力市场信息网络,提供求职和用人等方面的就业服务。在住房、子女教育、医疗等方面,对进城务工的农民提供普遍服务。加强实施城镇化战略意义的舆论宣传,在城市中形成接纳新市民的社会氛围,促进进城农民与城市社会的融合。
-------Highly attention should be paid to the employment, starting a business and living conditions of the emigrants to the cities.

2004 公安部废止《城市户口管理暂行条例》。
--------Abandon the urban resident registration management temporary regulations.

2008 最新户口改革制度： 户籍改革将逐步取消农村户口，按居住地登记户籍。
-------Resident registration reform will gradually cancel rural registration system, and register the residents according to where they live.